The genetic testing market is witnessing significant evolution, particularly in India, which is gradually establishing its presence in this competitive arena. While the global genetic testing market is valued at approximately $17 billion, India’s share is relatively modest at around $60 million. Despite its smaller size, India is recognized for offering some of the most affordable genetic tests in the world, typically priced at $50 to $70 less than global counterparts.
Competitive Offerings
Recently, the market buzzed with the announcement from Strand Diagnostics, a Bangalore-based genomics research and diagnostics company acquired by Reliance Industries in 2021. They introduced a highly economical genome sequencing test priced at just ₹12,000, making advanced genetic analysis accessible to a wider audience.
Understanding Genetic Testing
Genetic testing, or genome testing, involves analyzing an individual’s DNA to identify genetic variations or mutations that could elevate the risk of certain diseases. This testing is valuable not only for healthy individuals seeking insight into their genetic predisposition but also for patients diagnosed with specific conditions, allowing for a better understanding of their genetic basis.
Unlike routine lab tests, genetic testing demands more sophisticated technology and skilled personnel, contributing to its higher costs and complexity. Despite its growth, genome testing accounts for only about 10% of sales for many traditional diagnostic companies. Notable players in the Indian market, such as Strand Diagnostics, MapMyGenome, and MedGenome, are specializing in this field.
Categories of Genetic Testing
Genetic tests can be categorized into two main types:
- Retail-Focused Tests: These tests are more general and may not require a clinician’s directive.
- Clinician-Oriented Tests: These are high-end, medically actionable tests that necessitate professional oversight.
Both categories share a commonality in their pricing structure, with average test packages ranging from ₹7,000 to ₹12,000. For instance, MapMyGenome’s “Genome Part 3,” which assesses over 100 health conditions, is priced at ₹6,999, while MedGenome’s comprehensive inherited disorders and cancer test is available for around ₹12,000.
The Need for Regulation
Despite the promising growth and affordability of genetic testing in India, experts emphasize the necessity for stronger regulations in the business-to-consumer (B2C) market. In contrast to the U.S., where regulatory bodies halted DNA testing services by companies like 23andMe due to insufficient data supporting their marketing claims, India currently lacks a clear framework defining what constitutes genetic testing and the types of tests that can be marketed directly to patients.
Conclusion
As India continues to carve out its niche in the global genetic testing market, the combination of competitive pricing and growing awareness presents significant opportunities. However, the path forward must involve clearer regulations and standards to ensure consumer protection and the reliability of genetic testing services. With a concerted effort towards regulation and education, India could emerge as a key player in the ever-evolving field of genetic testing.
